Restoration and Revolution of England
After Oliver Cromwell died of natural causes in 1658 there was no ruler of England, which made Parliament find new rulers to rebuild England. General Monk thought that parliamentary government must be restored in England, because without it England would be at risk of war. Parliament decided to call Charles the 2nd back to rule England. Charles the 2nd accepted the idea of constitutional democracy, but like his father he wanted to rule like a tyrant, so he bribed, blackmailed and persuaded his supporters to fill up the majority of seats in Parliament, so he could have power "fairly". He made two groups, the Tories, the political party in power, and the Whigs, the opposition to the (Catholic) party in power. King Charles the 2nd also created the Test Act which stated, only members of the church of England could have political power, it made the Church of England supreme and it stated that Catholics could not hold power. In 1685 Charles the 2nd died. His brother James the 2nd took power, but he was Catholic and the country was not ready for a openly Catholic King and rebellion soon broke out. This made Parliament invite James' Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. They accepted and this became known as Glorious Revolution because Parliament chose a monarchy vs hereditary right or royal assent. Then the Bill of Rights was made which made it clear that the Parliament was truly in power and the monarchy was just a symbol for the people. Parliament had to make several choices before coming up with the right plan for England.
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Here are King William of Orange and Queen Mary on their throne
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